Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system such as X11 or Wayland, and a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma.

Commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise.

Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, and Ubuntu, the latter of which itself consists of many different distributions and modifications, including Lubuntu and Xubuntu. Many Linux distributions use the word 'Linux' in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name ' GNU/Linux' to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Linux ( / ˈ l iː n ʊ k s/ ( listen) LEE-nuuks or / ˈ l ɪ n ʊ k s/ LIN-uuks) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Most distributions include a desktop environment ( GUI).

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